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last updated in Sept 2021
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Old and non-updated vaccine vaccine cards

English ‘V2’
last updated in May 2021
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English ‘V1’
last updated in March 2021
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French - Français ‘V1’ translated by LaPipette!
last updated in March 2021
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Simplified Chinese - 简体中文 ‘V1’ translated by Chenlu Yu
last updated in March 2021
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Traditional Chinese - 繁體中文 ‘V1’ translated by Irene Yeung and Hau Kwan Abby Lo
last updated in March 2021
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Traditional Chinese (Cantonese) - 繁體中文(廣東話) ‘V1’ translated by Hau Kwan Abby Lo and Irene Yeung
last updated in March 2021
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Spanish - Español ‘V1’ translated by BioPosts
last updated in March 2021
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Portuguese - Português (Brasil) ‘V1’ translated by Julio Cesar Lorenzi
last updated in March 2021
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Italian - Italiano ‘V1’ translated by Renzo Toffolo
last updated in March 2021
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Slovak - Slovensky ‘V1’ translated by Patrícia Hrašnová
last updated in March 2021
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Serbian - Srpski ‘V1’ translated by Ivana Prokić from Ujedinjeni Protiv Kovida
last updated in March 2021
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Serbian - Српски ‘V1’ translated by Miloš Vasić
last updated in March 2021
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Czech - čeština ‘V1’ translated by Julius Luke
last updated in March 2021
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Romanian - Română ‘V1’ translated by Razvan Nastasa
last updated in March 2021
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Indonesian - Bahasa Indonesia ‘V1’ translated by Adien Esti
last updated in March 2021
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Vietnamese - Tiếng Việt ‘V1’ translated by Ly Nguyen
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Finnish - Suomalainen ‘V1’ translated by Jani Räty
last updated in March 2021
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Georgian - ქართული ‘V1’ translated by Giorgi Chkheidze
last updated in March 2021
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Korean - 한국어 ‘V1’ translated by Jisu Im
last updated in March 2021
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Russian - русский ‘V1’ translated by Kristina Sagaliec
last updated in March 2021
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German - Deutsch ‘V1’ translated by Doğan Doruk Demircioğlu
last updated in March 2021
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Japanese - 日本語 ‘V1’ translated by Yo Nakahara
last updated in March 2021
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Hungarian - Magyar ‘V1’ translated by Attila Imre
last updated in March 2021
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Dutch - Nederlands ‘V1’ translated by Iris Iemenschot
last updated in March 2021
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Bosnian - Bosanski ‘V1’ translated by Zerina Kurtovic
last updated in March 2021
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Albanian - Shqiptare ‘V1’ translated by Orion JUCJA
last updated in March 2021
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Polish - Polskie ‘V1’ translated by Marzena Ciechomska from PSNC as part of the REGIONAL COVID-HUB
last updated in March 2021
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Ukrainian - Український ‘V1’ translated by Anastasiia Filimonova
last updated in March 2021
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Macedonian - Македонски ‘V1’ translated by Dimitar Stevchev
last updated in March 2021
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References

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What is cultured meat?

2018-01-10 00:00:00 +0000

Client

Personal in collaboration LaBiotech.eu

Tools

Illustrator

Category

infographics

Context

A cultured burger is made of billion of muscle strands which were grown in Petri dishes in the lab using cell culture techniques. Scientists are now able to regenerate tissues from stem cells and the same principles can also be used to produce meat! Right now the few cells needed are collected by a small biopsy which does not injure the animal but similarly to traditional cell culture techniques we could envision that scientists will generate stable cell lines in order to grow meat thus removing the need for any animal sample. The biggest issue to tackle is actually the scaling up of the process in order to lower the costs of the final meat.


The first ‘in vitro burger’ was presented to the public on TV in 2013. How was it made and would you eat it?

This article focuses mainly on beef but chicken, duck and even tuna will reach the market probably in the next 5 years. This new type of meat could allow us to consume meat without the need for animals! Is it safe and is this the future of meat? To learn more about cultured meat check the infographic below!

My helpful checkpoint inhibitor infographic

References (order listed in the infographic)

  1. Culturedbeef.org, “FAQ”
  2. Youtube.com - World Economic Forum, “The Meat Revolution Mark Post”
  3. Bentzinger CF. et al. (2013) The emerging biology of muscle stem cells: implications for cell-based therapies. Bioassays
  4. Food and Agriculture Organization, “World Livestock 2011, Livestock in food security”
  5. Tuomisto HL. et al. (2011) Environmental impacts of cultured meat production. Environ Sci Technol
  6. Capper JL. et al. (2012) The role of productivity in improving the environmental sustainability of ruminant production systems. Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci.
  7. Friend of Earth - Europe, “Meat Atlas, Facts and figures about the animals we eat”
  8. New Harvest, “Mark Post’s Cultured Beef”

Further reading - Web

  1. Elliot Swartz blog, “The Science Behind Lab-Grown Meat”
  2. MIT Technology Review, “The Problem with Fake Meat”
  3. The Guardian, “What is the true cost of eating meat?”

Thanks for reading! Let us know what you think!

What are checkpoints inhibitors?

2018-01-10 00:00:00 +0000

Client

Personal in collaboration LaBiotech.eu

Tools

Illustrator

Category

infographics

Context

In 2013, Jimmy Carter's miracle remission of cancer was achieved thanks to a new type of therapy: checkpoints inhibitors. Checkpoints are signals used by cells to modulate the immune response either by stimulating it or inhibiting it. Cancer cells hack this pathway and express molecules activating inhibitory checkpoints. This silences the immune response, hence making the cancer cell "invisible" to the immune cells. Checkpoints inhibitors prevent this escaping mechanism. This is great because therapies using checkpoint inhibitors could be used in combination with more traditional anti-cancer approaches.


Checkpoint inhibitors and PD-1/PD-L1 therapies have made the headlines in the past years. But what are they exactly?

The potential of checkpoints was only discovered a few years ago but these types of molecules can boast more than 1500 clinical trials (in 2017 - time of writing) going on currently (which is an insane number). It is estimated that by 2025, the market for inhibitors could reach near €30Bn!

Let’s explore what checkpoints inhibitors are and why they are a very popular new type of therapy against cancers

My helpful checkpoint inhibitor infographic

References

Science Articles
  1. Robert C. et al. (2015) Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation. N.Engl.J.Med.
  2. Tang, J. et al. (2017) Comprehensive analysis of the clinical immuno-oncology landscape. Ann.Onc.
  3. Pardoll DM. (2012) CThe blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Nat.Rev.Cancer
Web
  1. Evalute Report 2017, “PD-1/PD-L1 Combinations Drive the Development of New Immunotherapies”
  2. Labiotech.eu, “Are PD-1 and PD-L1 Checkpoint Inhibitors As Good As We Thought?”
  3. Cancer.org, “Immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat cancer”

Thanks for reading! Let us know what you think!

What is RNAi therapy?

2017-11-15 00:00:00 +0000

Client

Personal in collaboration LaBiotech.eu

Tools

Illustrator

Category

infographics

Context

Viruses have long exploited the expression machinery of cells to translate their genome into proteins. In response, defence mechanisms arise in different types of cells. In one of them called RNA interference, the infected cell produces a short RNA that target and destroy the foreign RNA. Cells have since used this mechanism to also regulate their own RNA level and thus protein level. This mechanism which was discovered 20 years ago can be hacked by scientists to target specific mRNA responsible for diseases.


RNA interference or RNAi therapies have been imagined decades ago. However, they will only arrive on the market in 2018. Why are RNAi therapies exciting and why the wait was so long?

By feeding cells specific short RNAs, scientists can virtually target any expressed gene. For example, silencing abnormally expressed genes in cancer cells is possible with RNAi. However, RNAs are very hard to deliver to a cell but as the technology progress, RNAi therapies are getting closer to the market.

Everything you need to know about RNAi therapies is packed into this infographic:

My helpful RNAi infographic

References

Science Articles
  1. Bobbin M and Rossi J. (2016). RNA Interference (RNAi)-Based Therapeutics: Delivering on the Promise? Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol.
  2. Chakraborty C. et al. (2017). Therapeutic miRNA and siRNA: Moving from Bench to Clinic as Next Generation Medicine. Molecular Therapy: Nucleic Acids
  3. Dowdy S. (2017). Overcoming cellular barriers for RNA therapeutics. Nature Biotechnology
  4. Lam J. et al. (2015). siRNA Versus miRNA as Therapeutics for Gene Silencing. Molecular Therapy—Nucleic Acids Vol {:target=”_blank”}
Web
  1. Labiotech.eu, “RNA as a Therapy: Reviewing the Future Generation of Therapeutics”
  2. Labiotech.eu, “Ultimate Review: How Could mRNA Overtake all other Biologicals in Medicine?”
  3. Alynam - “Our pipeline”
Clinical trial listed

What is CAR-T cell therapy?

2017-10-12 00:00:00 +0000

Client

Personal in collaboration LaBiotech.eu

Tools

Illustrator

Category

infographics

Context

The idea of immunotherapy or using our own immune system against cancer has been around for more than 60 years. At the time, the absence of techniques for culturing and manipulating cells made it impossible to harness the power of immune cells. Decades later, scientists were able to design and produce antibodies targeting specific molecules on the surface of cancer cells. Such therapies were only approved for patients in the late 90s.


CAR-T, a revolutionary cell therapy for cancer has been recently approved by the FDA. But what is it about?

More recently, a radical new approach has been allowed by genome editing enzymes such as TALENs and the famous CRISPR proteins : to engineer immune cells to target cancer. Lymphocytes are the specialised soldiers in the immune system army, in particular, lymphocytes T (T cells) are able to find and kill abnormal cells as well as coordinate attacks by the other immune cells. They thus constitute a perfect candidate for scientists to engineer an immune response against cancer. Antigen receptors are ‘molecular scanners’ at the surface of the T cells enabling the detection of abnormal cells. These can be modified via genome editing to force T cells to bind and destroy cancer cells. This new generation of immunotherapies has been showing incredible positive results during clinical trials which led to the approval of the first CAR-T few months ago.

Let’s explore what CAR-T are, how we make them: and why this is an exciting new way to fight cancer:

My helpful checkpoint inhibitor infographic

References

  1. Cancer.gov, “CAR T Cells: Engineering Patients’ Immune Cells to Treat Their Cancers”
  2. Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, “Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell Therapy”
  3. Clinicaltrial.gov, Kymriah Phase II results
  4. CellTrial.info, “Number of CAR cell therapy trials worldwide”
  5. Labiotech.eu, “A Cure for Cancer? How CAR-T Therapy is Revolutionizing Oncology”

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Thesis Illustrations

2016-01-10 00:00:00 +0000

Client

Personal

Tools

Illustrator, Photoshop, LaTeX

Category

illustrations

Context

This project gathers some of the illustrations I created for my PhD thesis manuscript. The whole document was written in LaTeX using Lyx. Illustrations were done with Illustrator.


01 01 01

The life of mRNA.
Adapted from Moore & Proudfoot, 2009 and Hir et al., 2015
mRNA quality control pathways in the cell.
Adapted from Doma & Parker, 2007; Schweingruber et al., 2013
Overview of translation termination and recycling.
Adapted from Alkalaeva et al., 2006; Pisarev et al., 2007, 2010; Schweingruber et al., 2013
Model for mRNA decay by NMD in mammals.
Adapted from Isken et al., 2008 and Schweingruber et al., 2013

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