
COVID-19 vaccine cards
Flashcard cards about each approved vaccine
4 March 2021
Flashcard cards about each approved vaccine
4 March 2021
How is it made and is it scary?
10 January 2018
how do they work and why are they cool?
10 January 2018
Targeting the Untargetable
15 November 2017
How do they fight cancer?
12 October 2017
French - Français translated by LaPipette!
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Simplified Chinese - 简体中文 translated by Chenlu Yu
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Traditional Chinese - 繁體中文 translated by Irene Yeung and Hau Kwan Abby Lo
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Traditional Chinese (Cantonese) - 繁體中文(廣東話) translated by Hau Kwan Abby Lo and Irene Yeung
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Spanish - Español translated by BioPosts
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Portuguese - Português (Brasil) translated by Julio Cesar Lorenzi
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Italian - Italiano translated by Renzo Toffolo
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Slovak - Slovensky translated by Patrícia Hrašnová
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Serbian - Srpski translated by Ivana Prokić from Ujedinjeni Protiv Kovida
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Czech - čeština translated by Julius Luke
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Romanian - Română translated by Razvan Nastasa
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Indonesian - Bahasa Indonesia translated by Adien Esti
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Vietnamese - Tiếng Việt translated by Ly Nguyen
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Finnish - Suomalainen translated by Jani Räty
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Georgian - ქართული translated by Giorgi Chkheidze
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Korean - 한국어
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Russian
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German - Deutsch
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Japanese - 日本語
Almost there
Hungarian
In progress
Dutch
In progress
Bosinian
In progress
Arabic - عربى
In progress
Farsi
In progress
Polish
In progress
Mongolian
in the pipeline
Turkish - Türkçe
in the pipeline
Hindi
in the pipeline
Albanian
in the pipeline
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2018-01-10 00:00:00 +0000
A cultured burger is made of billion of muscle strands which were grown in petri dishes in the lab using cell culture techniques. Scientists are now able to regenerate tissues from stem cells and same principles can also be used to produce meat! Right now the few cells needed are collected by a small biopsy which does not injure the animal but similarly to traditional cell culture techniques we could envision that scientists will generate stable cell lines in order to grow meat thus removing the need for any animal sample. The biggest issue to tackle is actually the scaling up of the process in order to lower the costs of the final meat.
This article focus mainly about beef but chicken, duck and even tuna will reach the market probably in the next 5 years. This new type of meat could allow us to consume meat without the need of animals! Is it safe and is this the future of meat? To learn more about cultured meat check the infographic below!
2018-01-10 00:00:00 +0000
In 2013, Jimmy Carter miracle remission of cancer was achieved thanks to a new type of therapy : checkpoints inhibitors. Checkpoints are secondary signals which can modulated the immune response either by stimulating it or inhibiting it. Cancer cells hacked this pathway and express molecules which activate inhibiting checkpoints thus silencing the immune response making the cancer cell ‘invisible’ to the immune cells. Checkpoints inhibitors prevent this escaping mechanism. This is great because this therapy can be complementary to more traditional anti-cancer approaches.
The potential of checkpoints was only discovered few years ago but this types of molecules can boast more than 1500 clinical trials going on currently which is an insane number. It is estimated that by 2025, the market for inhibitors could reach near €30Bn!
Let’s explore what checkpoints inhibitors are and why they are a very popular new therapy against cancer
2017-11-15 00:00:00 +0000
Virus have long exploited the expression machinery of cells to translate their genome into proteins. In response, defence mechanisms arise in different type of cells. In one of them, RNA interference, the infected cell produce a short RNA which target and destroy the foreign RNA. Cells have since used this mechanism to also regulate their own RNA level and thus protein level. This mechanism which was discovered 20 years ago can be hacked by scientists to target specific mRNA responsible for diseases.
By feeding cells specific short RNAs, scientists can virtually target any expressed gene. For example, silencing abnormal expressed genes in cancer cells is possible with RNAi. However, RNA are very hard to deliver to a cell but as the technology progress, RNAi therapies are getting closer to the market.
Everything you need to know about RNAi therapies is packed into this infographic:
2017-10-12 00:00:00 +0000
The idea of immunotherapy or using our own immune system against cancer has been around for more than 60 years. At the time, the absence of techniques for culturing and manipulating cells made it impossible to harness the power of immune cells. Decades later, scientists were able to design and produce antibodies targeting specific molecules on the surface of cancer cells. Such therapies were only approved for patients in the late 90s.
More recently, a radical new approach has been allowed by genome editing enzymes such as TALENs and the famous CRISPR proteins : to engineer immune cells to target cancer. Lymphocytes are the specialised soldiers in the immune system army, in particular, lymphocytes T (T cells) are able to find and kill abnormal cells as well as coordinate attacks by the other immune cells. They thus constitute a perfect candidate for scientists to engineer an immune response against cancer. Antigen receptors are ‘molecular scanners’ at the surface of the T cells enabling the detection of abnormal cells. These can be modified via genome editing to force T cells to bind and destroy cancer cells. This new generation of immunotherapies has been showing incredible positive results during clinical trials which led to the approval of the first CAR-T few months ago.
Let’s explore what CAR-T are, how we make them: and why this is an exciting new way to fight cancer: